Behnken - STS-123, STS-130, Crew Dragon Demo-2 Yuri Baturin - Soyuz TM-28/ 27, Soyuz TM-32/ 31.Sergei Avdeyev - Soyuz TM-15, Soyuz TM-22.Auñón-Chancellor - Soyuz MS-09, Expedition 56/ 57 Oleg Artemyev - Soyuz TMA-12M, Soyuz MS-08, Soyuz MS-21.(Claudie André-Deshays – see Claudie Haigneré).Died in the Columbia reentry disintegration ( STS-107). Christopher Altman - NASA-trained Commercial astronaut, Association of Spaceflight Professionals 2011.Michael Alsbury † - Commercial astronaut, died in the VSSEnterprise test flight PF04 crash.Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov - Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-3.Aleksandar Panayotov Aleksandrov - Soyuz TM-5.Buzz Aldrin △▲ - Gemini 12, Apollo 11.Vladimir Aksyonov - Soyuz 22, Soyuz T-2.Afanasyev - Soyuz TM-11, Soyuz TM-18, Soyuz TM-29, Soyuz TM-33/ 32 The symbol † indicates astronauts who have died in incidents related to a space program. The symbol ▲ indicates astronauts who have walked on the Moon. The symbol △ indicates astronauts who have left low Earth orbit. The flags indicate the astronaut's primary citizenship during his or her time as an astronaut.
AFRICAN AMERICAN NASA ASTRONAUTS PROFESSIONAL
This includes national space programs, industry and commercial space programs which train and/or hire their own professional astronauts. While the term astronaut is sometimes applied to anyone who trains for travel into space-including scientists, politicians, journalists, and tourists-this article lists only professional astronauts, those who have been selected to train professionally. However, with the advent of suborbital flight starting with privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of astronaut was created: the commercial astronaut. Until recently, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military or by civilian space agencies. More than 600 people have been trained as astronauts. This is an alphabetical list of astronauts, people selected to train for a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft.įor a list of everyone who has flown in space, see List of space travelers by name.
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